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SQL HAVING

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SQL HAVING 说明

SQL 中添加了 HAVING 表达式,因为 WHERE 关键字不能与聚合函数一起使用。

SQL HAVING 用于按 GROUP BY 语句创建的组过滤值。


HAVING 语法

SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE condition
GROUP BY column_name(s)
HAVING condition
ORDER BY column_name(s)

演示数据库

以下是“Northwind”数据库的“Customers”(“Customers”)表中的示例:

CustomerIDCustomerNameContactNameAddressCityPostalCodeCountry
1Alfreds FutterkisteMaria AndersObere Str. 57Berlin12209Germany
2Ana Trujillo Emparedados y heladosAna TrujilloAvda. de la Constitución 2222México D.F.5021Mexico
3Antonio Moreno TaqueríaAntonio MorenoMataderos 2312México D.F.5023Mexico
4Around the HornThomas Hardy120 Hanover Sq.LondonWA1 1DPUK
5Berglunds snabbköpChristina BerglundBerguvsvägen 8LuleåS-958 22Sweden

SQL HAVING 示例

以下 SQL 查询列出了每个国家/地区的客户数量。仅包括拥有超过 5 个客户的国家/地区:

Run SQLSELECT COUNT(CustomerID), Country 
FROM Customers 
GROUP BY Country 
HAVING COUNT(CustomerID) > 5

以下 SQL 查询列出了每个国家/地区的客户数量,按从最大到最小的顺序排序(仅包括客户数量超过 5 个的国家/地区):

Run SQLSELECT COUNT(CustomerID), Country 
FROM Customers 
GROUP BY Country 
HAVING COUNT(CustomerID) > 5 
ORDER BY COUNT(CustomerID) DESC

演示数据库

让我们看一下表“Orders”(“订单”)中的示例:

ProductIDOrderIDCustomerIDEmployeeIDOrderDateShipperID
1102489051996-07-043
2102498161996-07-051
3102503441996-07-082
4102518431996-07-081
5102527641996-07-092

以及表“Employees”(“Employees”)中的示例:

EmployeeIDLastNameFirstNameBirthDatePhotoNotes
1Davolio Nancy 12/8/1968 EmpID1.pic Education includes a BA in psychology from Colorado State University. She also completed (The Art of the Cold Call). Nancy is a member of 'Toastmasters International'.
2Fuller Andrew 2/19/1952 EmpID2.pic Andrew received his BTS commercial and a Ph.D. in international marketing from the University of Dallas. He is fluent in French and Italian and reads German. He joined the company as a sales representative, was promoted to sales manager and was then named vice president of sales. Andrew is a member of the Sales Management Roundtable, the Seattle Chamber of Commerce, and the Pacific Rim Importers Association.
3Leverling Janet 8/30/1963 EmpID3.pic Janet has a BS degree in chemistry from Boston College). She has also completed a certificate program in food retailing management. Janet was hired as a sales associate and was promoted to sales representative.
4Peacock Margaret 9/19/1958 EmpID4.pic Margaret holds a BA in English literature from Concordia College and an MA from the American Institute of Culinary Arts. She was temporarily assigned to the London office before returning to her permanent post in Seattle.
5Buchanan Steven 3/4/1955 EmpID5.pic Steven Buchanan graduated from St. Andrews University, Scotland, with a BSC degree. Upon joining the company as a sales representative, he spent 6 months in an orientation program at the Seattle office and then returned to his permanent post in London, where he was promoted to sales manager. Mr. Buchanan has completed the courses 'Successful Telemarketing' and 'International Sales Management'. He is fluent in French.

更多 HAVING 示例

以下 SQL 查询列出了已注册超过 10 个订单的员工:

Run SQLSELECT Employees.LastName, COUNT(Orders.OrderID) AS NumberOfOrders 
FROM (Orders 
INNER JOIN Employees ON Orders.EmployeeID = Employees.EmployeeID) 
GROUP BY LastName 
HAVING COUNT(Orders.OrderID) > 10

如果“Davolio”或“Fuller”员工注册的订单超过 25 个,以下 SQL 语句将显示数据:

Run SQLSELECT Employees.LastName, COUNT(Orders.OrderID) AS NumberOfOrders 
FROM Orders 
INNER JOIN Employees ON Orders.EmployeeID = Employees.EmployeeID 
WHERE LastName = 'Davolio' OR LastName = 'Fuller' 
GROUP BY LastName 
HAVING COUNT(Orders.OrderID) > 25